TAXAS E LEIS DE CASAMENTO INFANTIL.
As leis que protegem as crianças do casamento infantil são diferentes em cada país. Em muitos países, mesmo que uma lei torne o casamento infantil ilegal, pode haver outra lei que permita exceções a isso. Isso torna muito confuso para as crianças entenderem seus direitos e difícil implementar medidas fortes de proteção à criança.
Na grade abaixo, fornecemos informações sobre leis de casamento infantil nos países com as maiores taxas de casamento infantil. A lista está em ordem alfabética por país, então navegue para a(s) próxima(s) página(s) se você não vir seu país listado abaixo.
As informações fornecidas incluem:
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as taxas de casamento infantil para meninas e meninos (e a fonte e o ano desses dados)
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as leis que dizem respeito ao casamento infantil no país
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quaisquer exceções às leis
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a idade legal para o casamento em cada país
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a idade em que as exceções à lei permitem que as crianças se casem na prática
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quaisquer leis que impeçam ou permitam que meninas casadas ou grávidas permaneçam na escola
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contexto sobre o país que pode tornar o casamento infantil mais prevalente, como se ele é ou não afetado por conflitos ou impactos de desastres climáticos.
Pode ser necessário rolar horizontalmente para encontrar todas as informações sobre um país.
TAXAS E LEIS SOBRE CASAMENTO INFANTIL
Fontes:
Taxas de casamento infantil: UNICEF (fontes nacionais identificadas na tabela)
Leis sobre casamento infantil, exceções, casamento cultural/tradicional e leis sobre educação de meninas grávidas/casadas: Girls Not Brides Child Marriage Atlas, UNESCO HerAtlas, sites de governos nacionais
Estados afetados por conflitos: Banco Mundial
Vulnerabilidade climática: Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative
Countries | Girls Married by 15 (%) | Girls Married by 18 (%) | Year of Data (girls) | Data Source (girls) | Boys Married by 18 (%) | Year of Data (boys) | Data source (boys) | Law(s) about Child Marriage | Year of Law | Legal Age of Marriage: girls | Legal Age of Marriage: boys | Age in practice (based on exceptions to the law) | What Exceptions Apply to the Laws on Child Marriage? | Is there a tradition or custom of child marriage? | Can married and pregnant girls go to school? | Is the country a fragile or conflict-affected state? | Is it one of the 50 most climate-
vulnerable states? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 10 | 29 | 2022-23 | MICS 2022-23 | 7 | 2015 | DHS 2015 | No minimum age | No minimum age | No minimum age | A variety of contradictory laws have existed in Afghanistan since 1977, including differential laws for Sunni Muslims and Shiite Muslims. However, under the current regime, a decree on women's rights has been issued whch says that women should not be married without their consent, but no minimum age for marriage is specified. | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | ||
Angola | 8 | 30 | 2015-16 | DHS 2015-16 | 6 | 2015-16 | DHS 2015-16 | Family Code | 1988 | 18 | 18 | 15 (girls), 16 (boys) | Boys can marry at 16 and girls can marry at 15 in exceptional cases where it is in the interest of the minors. | No | No explicit law protects the right to education for married and pregnant girls. | Yes | |
Bangladesh | 17 | 51 | 2022 | DHS 2022 | 4 | 2011 | DHS 2011 | Child Marriage Restraint Act | 2017 | 18 | 21 | No minimum age | The Child Marriage Restraint Act allows for 'special cases'. In addition, Bangladeshi child sexual abuse laws have gaps, and sex with a child aged 13 or older in a marriage is not classified as rape. | Yes, but all marriages have to be legally registered. | No explicit law protects the right to education for married and pregnant girls. | Yes | |
Barbados | 8 | 29 | 2012 | MICS 2012 | #N/A | 18 | 18 | 16 | Children aged 16 and 17 can be married with parental consent. | Yes: this takes the form of 'visiting unions' or 'visiting relationships' where the couple do not live together full time. | No explicit law protects the right to education for married and pregnant girls. | ||||||
Belize | 6 | 34 | 2015-16 | MICS 2015-16 | 22 | 2015-16 | MICS 2015-16 | Belize Marriage Act | 2011 | 18 | 18 | 16 | 16 year olds can be married with parental or judicial consent | No | No explicit law protects the right to education for married and pregnant girls. | ||
Benin | 6 | 28 | 2021-22 | MICS 2021-22 | 5 | 2021-22 | MICS 2021-22 | Children's Code, Family Code | 2015, 2004 | 18 | 18 | No minimum age | Marriage below the age of 18 is possible with the consent of the person holding parental authority, with no minimum age requirement. A judicial exception is also provided for, again with no minimum age requirement. | Yes | The Children´s Code contains a provision concerning the continuation of education for pregnant girls and young mothers, but puts the obligation of the continuation of the young mothers’ education on the male responsible for the pregnancy. | Yes | |
Bhutan | 6 | 26 | 2010 | MICS 2010 | #N/A | Marriage Act, Child Care and Protection Act | 1996/2017, 2011 | 18 | 18 | 18 | The legal age of marriage is set at 18 in Bhutan, and the Child Care and Protection Act identifies child marriage as a form of sexual abuse. | Yes: interfamilial marriage (between cousins and in-laws), but no legal exemptions on minimum age are made for this. | No explicit law protects the right to education for married and pregnant girls. | Yes | |||
Brazil | 6 | 26 | 2006 | PNDS 2006 | #N/A | Civil Code | 2002 | 18 | 18 | 16 | Children can marry from the age of 16 with parental consent. Prior to 2019, Brazil allowed marriage below the age of 16 in the case of pregnancy or to avoid a criminal sentence for statutory rape. | No | No explicit law protects the right to education for married and pregnant girls. | ||||
Burkina Faso | 9 | 51 | 2015 | EMDS 2015 | 2 | 2015 | EMDS 2015 | Code des Personnes et de la Famille | 1989 | 17 | 20 | 15 for girls, 18 for boys | Civil courts can authorise marriages using the lower age limits. In 2018, the revised Penal Code penalises all forms of child marriage, but without raising the minimum ages. | Yes | This is unclear due to contradictions. For example, while one article explicitly states that pregnant students cannot be excluded from private and public schools, there are different rules for boarding schools, and after childbirth. | Yes | Yes |
Cameroon | 11 | 30 | 2018 | DHS 2018 | 3 | 2018 | DHS 2018 | Penal Code, Civil Code | 2016, 1951 | 15 | 18 | No minimum age | The Penal Code punishes marriage below the age of 18, but this conflicts with the Civil Code, which allows marriage of girls aged 15 and boys at 18 and which allows exemption by the President. | Yes | A government circular ended a ban on pregnant girls attending school, and allows pregnant girls to stay in school until the 26th week of pregnancy, and to return after childbirth. | Yes |